The Magic of Culture Night in Roermond

Impressions of Culture Night 2024 in Roermond.

Around the longest day of the year, Roermond hosts Culture Night, a lively celebration that transforms the city into a hub of creativity with music, dance, art, and joy. This enchanting event invites attendees to explore Roermond's artistic and cultural offerings in one unforgettable evening. Local and regional artists, musicians, and performers create delightful encounters as you wander through the city. Shop owners convert their stores into unique exhibition spaces, filling every corner with artistic energy. A highlight of the night is a world-class classical concert in the historic Munsterkerk, adding a touch of grandeur to the experience. Culture Night is more than an event; it's a celebration of Roermond's heart and soul, promising an evening of discovery, creativity, and enjoyment.

'Kermis' and its nobility in Roermond (The Netherlands)

Roermond’s ‘Kermis’ 2024.

The "kermis" is a lively and cherished fair tradition in the Netherlands, with roots that stretch back to medieval times. Originating from the term "kerk" (church) and "mis" (mass), the kermis began as a religious celebration marking the consecration day of a church. These events featured a mix of religious ceremonies, masses, and community festivities. Over the centuries, the religious significance of kermis gradually waned, evolving into a secular event characterized by amusement rides, games, food stalls, and entertainment.

In Roermond, a historic city in the Dutch province of Limburg, the kermis holds a special place in local tradition. Roermond's kermis blends traditional fair elements with the city's rich cultural heritage, highlighting local customs and community spirit. This event remains a vibrant part of Roermond’s cultural calendar, drawing visitors from near and far to experience its festive atmosphere and historical significance.

An unique aspect of Roermond’s kermis is the concept of "kermisadel" or "kermis nobility," introduced by Roermond journalist Piet Tummers (1919-2005). Tummers used the term to compare the city's prominent noble families with successful local fair operators who built impressive homes and monuments, forming a distinguished "kermis nobility." In the mid-19th century, Roermond attracted industrialists, artists, and musicians from the Netherlands, Germany, and Belgium. Among these were Nicolas Xhaflaire and Catharina Bovy, who transitioned from peddling to the fair business around 1830 and established a kermis dynasty in Roermond.

Their descendants, such as Laurentius Xhaflaire and Margaretha Xhaflaire, who married into other fair families, continued to innovate and expand the fair industry. Jean Wolfs, for instance, introduced one of the first steam-driven carousels in the Netherlands. His descendants, like Gerard Wolfs, furthered the family’s success with luxurious homes and new fair attractions. The Van Bergen brothers, another branch of this kermisadel, founded the Royal Theaters in Roermond and Heerlen, showcasing their entrepreneurial spirit.

The kermis in the Catholic South of the Netherlands, including Roermond, retains its historical significance as a time of communal celebration and cultural heritage, reflecting a rich history, family ties, and local pride.

Impressions from Roermond’s ‘Kermis’ in 2024.

The Culture of Radio Amateurs

John and his wife Cecile, on their quest of finding interference free locations to enjoy radio communication (Beesel, The Netherlands).

In a world dominated by instant digital communication, ham radio enthusiasts—known as radio amateurs—continue to value the art and science of radio communication. They celebrate their unique culture through the exchange of QSL cards, which confirm their radio contacts and symbolize personal connections across distances. Despite a decline in new participants due to the convenience of the internet, these operators remain committed, often seeking remote locations to optimize reception and ensure high-quality connections.

Ham radio operators use amateur radio frequencies to connect globally. The cherished tradition of QSL cards, which often include call signs, contact details, and personal touches, serves as confirmation of contact, cultural exchange, and collectibles.

The rise of the internet, with its ease and reliability, has led to a decline in ham radio participants, especially among younger generations. Nevertheless, enthusiasts persist in their passion, often seeking remote sites to reduce electronic interference and benefit from optimal conditions for radio wave propagation.

Ham radio, with its rich history and unique culture, continues to captivate enthusiasts. Through education, innovation, and a commitment to tradition, ham radio can continue to inspire and connect people in unique ways, even in the face of modern technological challenges.

Erwin with his radio next to his camper van (Beesel, The Netherlands).

Vintage QSL cards. Including one by King Hussein (Jordan), and one by the radio station at the International Space Station.

Rollo, 911, Normandy, and The Epte River (France)

The Epte in Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, the place where the treaty was signed (France).

Rollo, a Viking leader, emerged as a pivotal figure in Normandy's history during the late 9th century. Known for his daring raids along the Frankish coastline during the Viking Age, Rollo's leadership and ferocity earned him notoriety. In 911, after years of conflict, Rollo negotiated with King Charles the Simple of West Francia, seeking an end to the raids. Recognizing Rollo's military prowess, King Charles offered him land along the lower Seine River, formalizing the agreement in the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. In exchange, Rollo pledged loyalty to the king, embraced Christianity, and integrated with the local population. Becoming the first Duke of Normandy, Rollo laid the groundwork for Norman-Frankish relations and began blending Norse and Frankish cultures. His rule established the foundation for Norman prosperity, with his descendants, including William the Conqueror, leaving a lasting impact on European history. Rollo's life and the treaty are integral to Norman history, shaping the region's political, social, and cultural landscape for centuries.

Ronda (Spain)

Puente Nuevo, Ronda.

Perched majestically atop towering cliffs that plunge dramatically into the El Tajo gorge, the city of Ronda in southern Spain stands as a testament to centuries of history, culture, and breathtaking natural beauty. Located in the province of Málaga, in the region of Andalusia, Ronda is renowned for its stunning vistas, rich Moorish heritage, and historic landmarks.

Dating back to Roman times, Ronda boasts a legacy that spans millennia, evident in its well-preserved architecture, winding cobblestone streets, and ancient bridges. The iconic Puente Nuevo, or "New Bridge," spanning the gorge, is a symbol of the city's resilience and architectural prowess, offering unparalleled views of the rugged landscape below.

Ronda's charming old town is a labyrinth of whitewashed buildings, hidden plazas, and historic sites, including the Moorish-era Alcazaba fortress and the Arab Baths, remnants of its Islamic past. Meanwhile, the Plaza de Toros, one of Spain's oldest bullrings, provides insight into the country's storied bullfighting tradition.

But Ronda is not merely a city frozen in time; it is also a vibrant center of culture, gastronomy, and outdoor adventure. Visitors can savor traditional Andalusian cuisine in quaint tapas bars, explore the region's renowned wine country, or embark on scenic hikes through the surrounding mountains and valleys.

With its timeless allure and captivating vistas, Ronda invites travelers to step back in time and immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of Andalusian history and culture, making it a must-visit destination for those seeking an unforgettable Spanish experience.

Salamanca's beautiful ex-voto paintings

The statue of Santa Maria la Blanca surrounded by ex-voto paintings by José Sánchez.

The Old Cathedral of Salamanca houses a remarkable collection of original ex-voto paintings around the statue of Santa Maria la Blanca (14th century). The paintings depicte miracles attributed to Salamanca’s Christ of the Battles. Created by the little-known artist José Sánchez, also known as Jusepe Sánchez de Velasco, these paintings date back to the early 17th century. Comprising eighteen scenes arranged in two tiers, the ex-votos showcase the divine interventions experienced by the local inhabitants.

Despite their historical significance, these paintings have largely escaped the attention of scholars of Spanish Baroque art. Nevertheless, they offer a fascinating glimpse into the religious fervor of the era. Each scene is meticulously painted, featuring classical architectural elements separating the narratives of miracles performed by the Christ of the Battles.

Christ of the Battles

Douaumont Ossuary (France)

The Douaumont Ossuary stands as a solemn sentinel overlooking the verdant hills of northeastern France, near the village of Douaumont. This monumental structure serves as a poignant tribute to the fallen soldiers of one of the bloodiest battles in human history – the Battle of Verdun during World War I. Completed in 1932, the ossuary houses the skeletal remains of over 130,000 French and German soldiers who perished in the relentless carnage of Verdun. Its somber architecture, with its towering spire and austere interior, invites visitors to reflect on the staggering toll of war and to honor the memory of those who sacrificed their lives in the defense of their nations. As a testament to resilience and remembrance, the Douaumont Ossuary stands as a symbol of peace amidst the scars of conflict, reminding us of the enduring importance of preserving the lessons of history.

On the Origin of the Dutch Word for Snapshot: "Kiekje"

Group of Students, by J.D. Kiek (1880), owned by Prentenkabinet Leiden, copied from Nederlandse Fotografie, de eerste honderd jaar, Claude Magelhaes, 1969.

The Dutch word for a low quality snapshot is: "Kiekje". The word originates from Leiden, where it were students at the end of the 19th century that frequently bothered the photographer Israel David Kiek to have a group portrait made. (This frequently happened at nightly hours.) The students, referring to the resulting pictures as "Kiekjes", treated the pictures as kind of trophies of their partying lifestyle. The quality of the "Kiekjes" suffered clearly from the intoxicated condition of the subjects, the nightly hour as well as the lack of quality control in the process of Mr. Kiek. Now, in the 21st century, the word has become part of the common vocabulary of the Dutch language. It has the connotations of an amateurish photograph showing friends and family. It is remarkable that almost everyone uses the term without ever having heard about Mr. Kiek.

Saint Leonard's Church, Zoutleeuw (Belgium)

The Church of Saint Leonard in Zoutleeuw, Belgium, is a remarkable example of Brabantine Gothic architecture and holds significant historical and cultural importance. Constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries, the church stands as a testament to the wealth and power of Zoutleeuw during the Middle Ages.

The church's exterior is characterized by its imposing tower, rising over 50 meters tall, adorned with intricately carved sculptures and decorative elements. The tower serves as a prominent landmark in the town and can be seen from miles around.

Inside, the Church of Saint Leonard boasts a stunning array of medieval art and architecture. Visitors are greeted by a spacious nave supported by sturdy columns, with soaring vaulted ceilings overhead. The church is adorned with magnificent stained glass windows, depicting biblical scenes and saints, and intricate stone carvings adorn the walls and pillars.

One of the most notable features of the church is its rich collection of religious artwork, including altarpieces, sculptures, and paintings. The highlight is undoubtedly the masterpiece altarpiece by Flemish artist Jan van Dornicke, depicting the life of Saint Leonard.

Bocairent, Spain

Nestled amidst the rolling hills of the Valencian countryside, the picturesque town of Bocairent beckons visitors with its rich history, charming cobblestone streets, and stunning natural landscapes. But it is during the annual Moors and Christians festival that Bocairent truly comes alive. It is during this festival, that is held in early February, that residents and visitors alike are immersed in a vibrant celebration of heritage and tradition.

Dating back centuries, the Moors and Christians festival in Bocairent pays homage to the region's complex history, marked by the interplay of Islamic and Christian influences. Against the backdrop of Bocairent's medieval architecture, this event serves as a captivating reenactment of historic conflicts, alliances, and cultural exchange.

During the festival, the streets of Bocairent are transformed into a colorful spectacle, as locals put on elaborate costumes representing both Moors and Christians. Parades featuring majestic floats, marching bands, and intricately adorned horses wind their way through the town, accompanied by the rhythmic beat of drums and the lively tunes of traditional music.

Central to the festivities are dramatic reenactments of key historical events, including battles for control of the town and the eventual triumph of Christian forces. These performances are staged with meticulous attention to detail, transporting spectators back in time to an era of valor, honor, and conquest.

But beyond its theatrical splendor, the Moors and Christians festival in Bocairent is a celebration of community spirit and cultural pride. It brings together residents of all ages and backgrounds, fostering a sense of unity and belonging that transcends differences and strengthens bonds.

As the sun sets over the rugged landscape of Bocairent, and the echoes of centuries-old traditions fill the air, the Moors and Christians festival serves as a poignant reminder of the enduring legacy of the past and the vibrant spirit of the present. It is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the power of culture to inspire, unite, and transform lives.

Some images from the Moros and Christians festival in Bocairent.

Saint Willibrord

Saint Willibrord's Travel Altar (8th century), Trier (Germany).

Saint Willibrord, also known as Willibrord of Utrecht, was a missionary and the first bishop of Utrecht in the Netherlands. Born in Northumbria (present-day England) around the year 658, he dedicated his life to spreading Christianity throughout the Frankish territories of present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany.

In his early years, Willibrord received his education at the Abbey of Ripon in Northumbria. Inspired by the missionary zeal of Saint Egbert, he embarked on a journey to Frisia (present-day Netherlands) in 690 with a group of companions to evangelize the pagan tribes of the region. Willibrord and his fellow missionaries faced numerous challenges and opposition, but through their perseverance and dedication, they succeeded in establishing churches and converting many to Christianity.

One of the key places Willibrord visited was the city of Utrecht, where he founded a church and was eventually consecrated as its bishop in 695. From Utrecht, Willibrord continued his missionary work, traveling extensively throughout the Low Countries and along the Rhine River into what is now Germany. He founded monasteries, established dioceses, and baptized thousands of converts, earning him the title "Apostle to the Frisians."

Willibrord's travels took him to various regions, from Frisia to Bavaria, where he encountered diverse cultures and languages. His mission to spread the Christian faith required him to be constantly on the move, preaching and ministering to communities far and wide.

Given the nature of his missionary work and the need for mobility, it is expected that Saint Willibrord would have had a travel altar. A travel altar would have allowed him to celebrate Mass and perform religious rites while on his journeys, ensuring that he could fulfill his duties as a bishop and spread the Gospel effectively, regardless of where his travels took him

Bishop Lindanus

Wilhelmus Damasi Lindanus, born as Willem Damaszoon van der Lindt in Dordrecht in 1525 and passing away in Ghent in 1588, led a remarkable life as a bishop and inquisitor during a tumultuous period in European history. His life was deeply intertwined with significant events.

Lindanus began his ecclesiastical career as the first bishop of Roermond, appointed by Philip II of Spain, in 1561. However, his tenure faced challenges, including resistance from the city of Roermond and opposition from the States of Gelderland. Despite these obstacles, Lindanus persisted in his efforts to enforce Catholic orthodoxy and combat the spread of Protestantism, which was gaining ground in the region.

During the early years of the Dutch Revolt, Roermond witnessed violent hostilities, such as the murder of 13 Catholic clergy, known as the Martyrs of Roermond, by the troops of William of Orange in 1572. Lindanus navigated through these turbulent times, continuing his Counter-Reformation activities while facing the threats posed by the political and military upheavals of the period.

Lindanus's role as an inquisitor was particularly significant, as he was tasked with combating heresy and enforcing religious conformity. His actions as a "heretic master" in Friesland showcased his commitment to defending Catholic doctrine against the rising tide of Protestantism. Lindanus's strict enforcement of church discipline and his defense of Catholic orthodoxy contributed to the deepening divide between Catholics and Protestants in the Netherlands.

Despite the challenges he faced in Roermond, Lindanus's influence extended beyond the confines of his diocese. His appointment as bishop of Ghent in 1587 marked a new chapter in his career, where he continued his efforts to uphold Catholicism in the face of religious dissent.

Throughout his life, Lindanus remained dedicated to his episcopal duties and his role as an inquisitor, steadfastly defending the Catholic faith against its adversaries. His legacy is one of unwavering commitment to his beliefs and his unwavering defense of the Catholic Church during a time of profound religious and political turmoil in the Netherlands.

Members of the van der Lindt family, with Bishop Lindanus kneeling at the right of the painting. (ca. 1570)

Sef, my walking pal

Sef

Sacra Capilla del Salvador, Úbeda (Spain)

Sacra Capilla del Salvador, Úbeda (Spain)

In the heart of Úbeda, Spain, the Sacra Capilla del Salvador stands as a Renaissance masterpiece. Built in the 16th century, this chapel commissioned by Francisco de los Cobos boasts an elegant facade blending Gothic and Renaissance styles. Inside, visitors are awed by exquisite altarpieces and frescoes, including El Greco's renowned Transfiguration of Christ. A testament to both religious devotion and architectural brilliance, this chapel invites reflection on Úbeda's cultural heritage and the enduring legacy of Renaissance art in Spain.

The interior of the Sacra Capilla del Salvador in Úbeda (Spain)

The Saint Servatius procession (Maastricht, The Netherlands)

Saint Servatius’ reliquary in the streets of Maastricht.

Saint Servatius, also known as Sint Servaas in Dutch, holds a revered place in the history and religious tradition of the Netherlands, particularly in the city of Maastricht. As the earliest bishops of Maastricht in the 4th century, Saint Servatius played a pivotal role in spreading Christianity throughout the region and establishing Maastricht as a center of religious significance.

Born in the 4th century in present-day Armenia, Saint Servatius embarked on a missionary journey that ultimately led him to the Roman settlement of Maastricht. Here, he served as the city's first bishop and became renowned for his piety, wisdom, and miraculous deeds.

The Saint Servaas procession, a centuries-old tradition, pays homage to the life and legacy of Saint Servatius. Held annually in Maastricht in May, this solemn procession draws pilgrims and spectators from far and wide to witness the elaborate pageantry and religious fervor that characterize the event.

During the procession, the relics of Saint Servatius, housed in the magnificent Basilica of Saint Servatius, are carried through the streets of Maastricht in a ceremonial procession. Accompanied by clergy, worshippers, and musicians, the relics are venerated by the faithful as they pass by, invoking the intercession of Saint Servatius for blessings and protection.

Above: A glimpse into the 2024 Saint Servatius procession in Maastricht (May 19, 2024).

Jeanne d'Arc - Joan of Arc

Jeanne d’Arc on horseback, Vaucouleurs.

Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc; 1412 - 1431) was born in Domrémy, France, in 1412. She emerged as a pivotal figure during the Hundred Years' War between France and England. Jeanne was raised in a devout Catholic family and from a young age, she claimed to experience divine visions and heard voices urging her to support the French crown and expel the English from France.

In 1429, at the age of just 17, Jeanne convinced Charles VII, the uncrowned Dauphin of France, to allow her to lead a French army to break the Siege of Orléans. She wielded considerable influence over military strategies and inspired the troops with her fervor and faith. Under her guidance, the French forces achieved a series of crucial victories, including the liberation of Orléans, which marked a turning point in the war.

Jeanne's military successes continued, and she played a key role in securing Charles VII's coronation at Reims in 1429, cementing his legitimacy as the rightful king of France. However, her fortunes changed when she was captured by the Burgundians, allies of the English, in 1430. She was subsequently handed over to the English and subjected to a politically motivated trial led by ecclesiastical authorities. In 1431, at the age of 19, Jeanne was unjustly convicted of heresy and burned at the stake in Rouen.

Despite her tragic end, Jeanne d'Arc's legacy endured. In 1456, she was posthumously declared innocent by an inquisitorial court, and in 1920, she was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church. Jeanne's bravery, conviction, and unwavering commitment to her visions made her a symbol of French unity and resistance against foreign oppression. She remains an enduring icon in French history, revered for her courage and determination in the face of adversity, and her importance to France as a national heroine cannot be overstated.

A postcard representing Jeanne d’Arc’s birth house and the church where she was baptized in Domrémy-la-Pucelle.

Remembering Roermond's city fire from 1665

The 2024 City Procession arriving at the ‘Kapel in 't Zand’.

The city fire of Roermond on May 31, 1665, started when a marksman participating in a procession fired into the air. The glowing bullet landed on a thatched roof, and the wind spread the fire. Three-quarters of the houses in the city went up in flames.

The population of the city, led by the bishop, went to the ‘Kapel in 't Zand’, just outside the city, to pray to Saint Mary. Joanna van Randenraedt, a devout unmarried woman, chose to stay in the city. She was known as a semi-saint, who had visions and predicted the future. Joanna threw a small statue of Mary from the Franciscan church into the fire. After that, the fire went out - no, it was thought that it was extinguished because of that.

Since then, every year in May, the City Procession travels from the Munsterplein to the ‘Kapel in 't Zand’. The city procession is also called the Candle Procession, because candles of the patron saints of all the water wells are carried and donated to the parish of ‘Kapel in 't Zand’. All this to thank Mary and the parish for all the help provided.

Story based on Verwoestende branden by the City Archives of Roermond.

Louis Mendes

Louis Mendes, 2012, New York (USA).

A portrait of the photographer Louis Mendes (1940) I made in 2012. Louis Mendes is probably the last photographer in the world that earns a living shooting portraits with the legendary 4x5 inch Crown Graphic. He takes portraits of all kinds of people on the streets in New York and New Orleans. His vintage camera makes that he stands out from the crowd. People with digital cameras are humbled by the sheer size of the Crown Graphic. When I asked him if I could take his portrait, he reminded me of the constraint he regards: “You’ve got one shot.” In the analogue world, working with a Crown Graphic loaded with instant film, that is the only thing that makes economic sense. You have to do it with one shot. So I took one picture of him and likewise he made one picture of me and my wife.

My wife and I in 2012, by Louis Mendes.

The London Tube

The London Underground, affectionately known as the Tube, stands as a pioneering icon of urban transportation, with a rich history dating back over 150 years. Born from the pressing need to alleviate the congestion of London's bustling streets during the 19th century, the Underground represents a triumph of engineering and innovation.

In 1863, the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway, opened its doors, ushering in a new era of subterranean travel. Its steam-powered trains ferried passengers along a stretch of track between Paddington and Farringdon, providing a swift and efficient alternative to horse-drawn carriages above ground.

Over the decades that followed, the Underground network expanded rapidly, with new lines and stations sprouting across the city like arteries in a living organism. Electric traction replaced steam, allowing for faster, cleaner, and more reliable service, while visionary architects and designers left their mark on the system's iconic stations, blending function with elegance in their distinctive architectural styles.

The Underground played a crucial role in shaping London's growth and development, facilitating the movement of people and goods and fostering the city's expansion into the sprawling metropolis it is today. It also bore witness to the trials and tribulations of wartime, serving as a vital lifeline during both World Wars and enduring the challenges of bombings and blackout periods with resilience and fortitude.

In the modern era, the London Underground continues to evolve, embracing technological advancements and innovations to meet the changing needs of its millions of passengers. From the iconic roundel symbol to the distinctive map designed by Harry Beck, the Tube remains an enduring symbol of London's identity and a testament to the ingenuity of human engineering.

Porta Nigra, Trier (Germany)

Porta Nigra, Trier.

The Porta Nigra, located in Trier, Germany, stands as a testament to the city's rich history and Roman legacy. Built between 186 and 200 AD during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, it served as one of the four city gates of ancient Augusta Treverorum, the Roman name for Trier.

Originally named Porta Martis, meaning "Gate of Mars," the Porta Nigra was constructed using large sandstone blocks without mortar, a technique characteristic of Roman architecture. Its name was changed to Porta Nigra, or "Black Gate," in the Middle Ages due to the darkened color of its stone over time.

Throughout its existence, the Porta Nigra has witnessed significant events. In the 5th century, Trier fell under Frankish rule, and the gate was converted into a church dedicated to Saint Simeon. During this time, its distinctive upper stories were added, transforming it into a basilica.

In subsequent centuries, the Porta Nigra underwent further transformations. It served as a fortress, a monastery, and a barracks. However, by the 11th century, it had fallen into disuse and was gradually buried by layers of soil and debris.

In the 19th century, the Prussian government undertook efforts to restore the Porta Nigra to its former glory. The surrounding structures were demolished, and the gate was uncovered and meticulously restored to its original Roman appearance.

Today, the Porta Nigra stands as an iconic symbol of Trier's Roman past and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visitors from around the world marvel at its imposing presence and architectural significance, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions in the region.